阿里云服务器ECS Linux MySQL 常见无法启动或启动异常的解决方法（1）
阿里云服务器ECS Linux MySQL 常见无法启动或启动异常的情况比较多，凯华互联小编分几期说明解决方法，今天第一期先说说不能创建 PID 导致无法启动，错误日志：Can't start server: can't create PID file: No such file or directory
问题描述
MySQL 启动报错信息如下：
Starting mysqld (via systemctl): Job for mysqld.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status mysqld.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details、 [FAILED]
根据提示，使用 systemctl status mysqld.service 和 journalctl -xe 查看服务启动失败的原因。
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[root@ ~]# systemctl status mysqld.servicemysqld.service - SYSV: MySQL database server.Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld)Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Wed 2016-01-20 18:26:57 CST; 40s agoDocs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)Process: 2979 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)Jan 20 18:26:56 spark01 systemd[1]: Starting SYSV: MySQL database server….Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 mysqld[2979]: MySQL Daemon failed to start.Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 mysqld[2979]: Starting mysqld: [FAILED]Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 systemd[1]: mysqld.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 systemd[1]: Failed to start SYSV: MySQL database server..Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 systemd[1]: Unit mysqld.service entered failed state.Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 systemd[1]: mysqld.service failed.[root@ ~]# journalctl -xeUnit session-2.scope has begun starting up.Jan 20 18:26:48 spark01 sshd[2916]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user spark by (uid=0)Jan 20 18:26:52 spark01 su[2944]: (to root) spark on pts/1Jan 20 18:26:52 spark01 su[2944]: pam_unix(su-l:session): session opened for user root by spark(uid=1000)Jan 20 18:26:56 spark01 polkitd[909]: Registered Authentication Agent for unix-process:2974:117137 (system bus name :1.25Jan 20 18:26:56 spark01 systemd[1]: Starting SYSV: MySQL database server….— Subject: Unit mysqld.service has begun start-up— Defined-By: systemd— Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel—— Unit mysqld.service has begun starting up.Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 mysqld[2979]: MySQL Daemon failed to start.Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 mysqld[2979]: Starting mysqld: [FAILED]Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 systemd[1]: mysqld.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 systemd[1]: Failed to start SYSV: MySQL database server..— Subject: Unit mysqld.service has failed— Defined-By: systemd— Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel—— Unit mysqld.service has failed.—— The result is failed.Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 systemd[1]: Unit mysqld.service entered failed state.Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 systemd[1]: mysqld.service failed.Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 polkitd[909]: Unregistered Authentication Agent for unix-process:2974:117137 (system bus name :1.
这些信息并不能提供服务启动失败的真正原因。
查看 MySQL 的告警日志：
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2016-01-20T10:00:19.935771Z 0 [ERROR] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Can’t create/write to file ‘/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid’ (Errcode: 2 - No such file or directory)2016-01-20T10:00:19.935795Z 0 [ERROR] Can’t start server: can’t create PID file: No such file or directory160120 18:00:20 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended
解决办法
MySQL 服务在启动的时候，不能创建 pid 文件。
在终端看一下该目录是否存在，如果不存在，手动创建：
[root@ ~]# mkdir -p /var/run/mysqld/
再次尝试启动 MySQL 服务，报错如下：
Starting mysqld (via systemctl): Job for mysqld.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status mysqld.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details. [FAILED]
查看 MySQL 的告警日志：
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2016-01-20T10:28:37.183387Z 0 [ERROR] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Can’t create/write to file ‘/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid’ (Errcode: 13 - Permission denied)2016-01-20T10:28:37.183431Z 0 [ERROR] Can’t start server: can’t create PID file: Permission denied160120 18:28:37 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended160120 18:32:06 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
权限不正确，/var/run/mysqld/ 的属主和属组还是 root，MySQL 并不能在其中创建文件后修改该目录的属主和属组，
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[root@~]# ls -ld /var/run/mysqld/drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 40 Jan 20 18:28 /var/run/mysqld/[root@ ~]# chown mysql.mysql /var/run/mysqld/[root@ ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld startStarting mysqld (via systemctl): [ OK ]
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